~ Karolus Magnus-Julius Cæsar-Alexander ~
This handsome, relief stein by Dümler & Breiden mold no. 62 shows three busts of Charlemagne, Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great in reverse order of appearance on the stage of history. Note that the names are shown as Germans 100 years ago would have used them. The letters "K", "C" and "ch" are interchangeable and have the same sound in German and sometimes in English. The letter "C" has gradually been being replaced (Germanisized) by "K" in the German language. Note also that the Greek letter "V" became the Roman letter "V" and then the English letter "U". The German pronunciation of Caesar is closer to Kaiser which it became and then shortened in Russian to Czar. Also shown on this stein is the grapheme Æ (æ) named æsc or ash, formed from the letters a and e. Originally a ligature representing the Latin diphthong ae, it has been promoted to the full status of a letter in the alphabets of some languages, including Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese.
 
Karolus Magnus
Julius Cæsar
Alexander
Charles the Great (Charlemagne)
Julius Caesar
Alexander the Great
 
 
Translation: Roy De Selms
Photo credit: Unknown